Very few studies have been done in Eastern Europe in general and in the Romanian population in particular regarding the association between HLA and hepatitis B. In Transylvania, Romania, a univariate analysis indicated a notable correlation between HBV infection risk and the presence of the HLA-DRB1*03 and HLA-DQB1*05 alleles. This evidence concerns the gene HLA-DRB1 and hepatitis B virus infection.