GDF15 and infarction: In senescent cardiomyocytes, increased expression of SASP factors such as cellular communication network protein family member 1 (CCN1), interleukins (IL1α, IL1β, and IL6), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1), endothelin 3 (Edn3), tumour growth factor-beta (TGFβ), and growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) have been clinically linked with age-related myocardial ischemia and infarction [4,17,150].