Consequently, DPP8/9 inhibitors were demonstrated to cause direct cytotoxicity of immortalized and primary AML cells in vivo in a caspase-1-dependent manner, resulting in a reduced tumor burden and an increased overall survival of the mice, suggesting that DPP8/9 inhibitors could represent a new treatment strategy for AML [84]. The gene discussed is CASP1; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.