TNF and infection: Genomic biomarkers can indicate both inflammation and infection (e.g., EBF1, TIMP2, COL4A3, TNF) or PROM (e.g., TNFR1 and TNFR2, Toll-like receptors), whereas transcriptomic biomarkers can detect either shorter gestational duration (e.g., miR-142) or sPTB (e.g., EBF1, MIR4266, MIR3612, MIR1251, MIR601, 4TLR4, IL-6R).