IL6 and acute kidney injury: Bian et al. investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of compound 8 on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells and found that it suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, TNF-α, and NO.44 Compounds 9–12 showed significant inhibition activity against NO and IL-6.45–47 Among these compounds, compound 12 was identified as the most potent anti-inflammatory agent, exhibiting a significant reduction in inflammatory cytokine levels in the mouse model of AKI by inhibiting TNF-α and IL-6 in a dose-dependent manner.