In the study on the characterization of nephritis in a mouse model of ADs (53), it was found that in diseased mice, there was often an overexpression of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), which led to an increase in the expression of procoagulant molecule tissue factor (TF) and decreased expression of uPA, which leads to the formation of microthrombi and promotes the progression of lupus nephritis (LN). This evidence concerns the gene SERPINE1 and lupus nephritis.