EGR1 and myopia: Egr-1 gene expression has been shown to exhibit a bi-directional response to opposing ocular growth stimuli in retinas of both chick and guinea pig models of myopia and emmetropization; EGR1 mRNA is downregulated in a population of retinal amacrine cells under visual conditions associated with increased ocular growth and myopia development, and is upregulated in the retinal amacrine cells in response to visual conditions associated with decreased ocular growth and recovery from myopia (72, 73).