On the other hand, thioredoxin family enzymes: TXN, TXNDC5, TXNDC12, and TXNDC17 were upregulated in both groups with advanced atherosclerosis (CKD5 and CVD2) as compared to HVs and CKD1-2 and CVD1. Here, TXN is linked to cardiac valvular dysplasia, X-linked.