Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-PD-1/PD-L1, used for cancer therapy can also induce autoimmune type 1 diabetes, while MSCs-derived exosomes significantly prevent anti-PD-1/PD-L1-induced diabetes in mice (Kawada-Horitani et al., 2022). This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and autoimmune type 1 diabetes.