Together, the results of the current study suggest that (1) methylone is a rapid-acting neuroplastogen, rapidly regulating the expression of key synaptic plasticity genes and neurotrophins in brain areas linked to PTSD, MDD and anxiety and (2) overlapping effects of methylone and MDMA are observed and may underlie their common therapeutic effects, but (3) Methylone shows increased specificity as MDMA regulates additional gene expression changes with distinct functional classification, that may be tied to off-target activity. The gene discussed is BDNF; the disease is post-traumatic stress disorder.