In addition, IL-6, TNF-α, and NfL levels are elevated in preclinical ALS models, and therefore are translationally relevant to helping evaluate the treatment potential of novel therapeutic agents (Yoshihara et al., 2002; Loeffler et al., 2020; Buck et al., 2022; Yang et al., 2022). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.