Studies have shown that BDNF may promote the activation of astrocytes and microglia through the BDNF-TrkB- p38/JNK signaling pathway, releasing large amounts of pro-inflammatory factors, which consequently exacerbate the neuroinflammatory and mechanically abnormal pain of cystitis (Ding et al., 2020). The gene discussed is BDNF; the disease is chronic cystitis.