CD4 and glioblastoma: These results establish a functionally important consequence of cGAS-STING pathway downregulation by hypoxic GBM EVs, namely reduced mRNA expression of the CD4+ Th1 T cell and CD8+ cytotoxic T cell promoting cytokine IL12b, and T-cell recruiting chemokines Cxcl9/Cxcl10. We next determined if hypoxic GBM-derived EVs used to treat BMDMs could alter macrophage capacity to efficiently attract and induce IFN-γ production in CD4+ T cells by performing a co-culture assay.