AKT1 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: The production of putrescine interferes with polyamine metabolism and increases the expression of substances, such as interleukin (IL)-32/protease 3 (PRTN3), activates multiple signaling pathways, such as the PI3K/AKT pathway and the DNA damage response pathway, and causes ESCC and malignant proliferation [16–18].