Thus, even though (a) the Sglt2 lineage is capable of transformation, and (b) ccRCC is thought to arise from PCT cells, the finding that Sglt2-expressing PCT cells are resistant to transformation by loss of Vhl/Pbrm1 or Vhl/Bap1 shows that (a) the cells of origin of tRCC and ccRCC are different, and (b) ccRCC does not arise from Sglt2-expressing PCT cells. This evidence concerns the gene SLC5A2 and renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocations/TFE3 gene fusions.