Recent evidence suggests that increasing serum CXCL8 levels can predict resistance to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer patients, which has led to the development of targeted therapies directed at CXCL8 (e.g., HuMax-IL8) for the treatment of some types of cancers [52, 53]. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL8 and cancer.