IL-15 priming produced similar levels of IFN-γ by NK cells following receptor stimulation, irrespective of HIV-1 status (Figure 5D), showing functional restoration of low-level ex vivo IFN-γ responses in HIV-1 infection to levels equivalent to that observed for HIV-1– donors following IL-15 pretreatment. This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and HIV-1 infection.