Fresolimumab (GC1008) is a human IgG4 monoclonal antibody that can neutralize all TGF-β subtypes and has shown anti-tumor effects in phase 1 trials in patients with malignant melanoma (MM) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but reversible cutaneous keratoacanthoma is a noteworthy side effect137. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and renal cell carcinoma.