DCK and bladder transitional cell carcinoma: UPP1 promotes BLCA cell proliferation via the AKT/GSK3β/Cyclin D1 signaling pathway, facilitates BLCA cell metastasis through the AKT/GSK3β/SNAIL signaling pathway, inhibits BLCA cell apoptosis and ROS generation by the AKT/FOXO1/Bcl-2 signaling pathway, and improves BLCA cell gemcitabine resistance via the AKT/FOXO1/DCK signaling pathway (Fig. 8G).