ACTA1 and Hepatic fibrosis: The outcomes demonstrated that liver subcapsular and submesenteric transplantation of HBOs significantly enhanced the expression of CTSV in LSECs, whereas the degree of hepatic fibrosis shown by α-SMA fluorescence was inversely reduced with the high expression of CTSV, and this modulatory effect was more pronounced in the liver subcapsular transplantation group (Figure 4D,E).