The outcomes demonstrated that liver subcapsular and submesenteric transplantation of HBOs significantly enhanced the expression of CTSV in LSECs, whereas the degree of hepatic fibrosis shown by α-SMA fluorescence was inversely reduced with the high expression of CTSV, and this modulatory effect was more pronounced in the liver subcapsular transplantation group (Figure 4D,E). Here, CTSV is linked to Hepatic fibrosis.