INS and rheumatoid arthritis: Furthermore, through GSEA, we found that, in addition to the classic RA pathway, chemokine signaling and Th17, Th1, and Th2 cell differentiation were also activated in the progression of RA, while tyrosine metabolism, insulin signaling, calcium, and AMPK signaling pathways were downregulated in RA (Figures 2(d) and 2(e)).