In the central region, necrotic tumor cells release antigens (such as cell surface antigens, intracellular, and nuclear antigens) as well as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs: endogenous molecules released from dying cells, such as high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), DNA, calreticulin, or f-actin) (11, 15). Here, HMGB1 is linked to neoplasm.