The adjusted variables included sex, age group, comorbidity (hepatitis B virus infection, hepatitis C virus infection, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, biliary disease, liver cancer, liver cirrhosis), and comedication (antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors). Here, HMGCR is linked to liver cancer.