In nonclinical studies, G-CSF injection 30 minutes after SM exposure led to improved survival and mitigated loss of white blood cells.15 In addition, increased levels of G-CSF16 or GM-CSF17 were identified in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid taken from patients with lung fibrosis following mustard gas exposure even decades later, suggesting a possible role for neutrophils in the etiology of the disease and, by extension, potential use of leukocyte growth factors as a therapeutic in lung fibrosis. This evidence concerns the gene CSF3 and pulmonary fibrosis.