In this prospective observational cohort study, we investigated the predictive role of erythrocytes, thrombocytes, innate and adaptive immune cells, complement proteins (C3, C4), and cytokines from peripheral blood of 224 patients with stage III/IV NSCLC treated with ICI alone (pembrolizumab, nivolumab, and atezolizumab) or in combination (nivolumab + ipilimumab) with chemotherapy. Here, VTN is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.