For example, failure of Arp2/3 function leads to spine loss and abnormal synaptic function, enhancing excitation and leading to similar symptoms to psychiatric disorders (Kim et al., 2015), and experimental studies indicate that cofilin is involved in Alzheimer’s disease synaptic dysfunction (Ben Zablah et al., 2020). Here, CFL1 is linked to early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.