In the ischemic model, TNF-α protected neural progenitor cells to survive [56], whereas TNF-α disrupted brain organoid development of schizophrenia patients [57]; the combination treatment of TNF-α with IL-17A led to neurite disturbances in multiple sclerosis patient iPSC-derived neurons, while single cytokine treatment did not [58]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and schizophrenia.