CD86, a biomarker of M1-type macrophages, is markedly expressed in vulnerable arterial plaques.M1-type macrophages release ROS and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12, which damage endothelial cells and blood vessels and promote atherosclerosis [46]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is atherosclerosis.