TLR4 and colitis: Animal studies and in vitro research have found that XLTG11 can alleviate DSS-induced colitis and ameliorate antibiotic-related diarrhea by inhibiting the activation of the TLR4/MYD88/NF-κB signaling pathway, regulating inflammatory cytokines, improving intestinal barrier function, and modulating gut microbiota composition and intestinal immunity [27–29].