Moreover, other signaling pathways are also involved in CVS-11 and PB4 infection, like the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, the janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway, and the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptor signaling pathway. Here, SOAT1 is linked to infection.