Some findings have demonstrated that Glioblastoma-derived EVs can induce the formation of immunosuppressive monocytes such as non-classical monocytes (NCMs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) as well as increase PD-L1 expression [by binding with programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) located on the surface of activated T cells]. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is glioblastoma.