Subsequently, we discovered select CT-RCC HERV-E expression in ccRCC was regulated by transcription factor HIF-2α (known to be upregulated by Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor inactivation in ccRCC) and occurred only when the proviral 5’LTR was demethylated (Cherkasova et al., 2011). This evidence concerns the gene EPAS1 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.