CD8A and Insulin resistance: For example, inflammatory activation ranges from promoting the conversion of innate B1a cells into pathogenic CD137+ TNF-α+ MHC-ΙHigh B cells, which then induce cytolytic CD8+ T cells and insulin resistance in older adults, rhesus monkeys, and mice (45, 46), the latter of which may promote progression of neurocognitive impairment (47).