For example, inflammatory activation ranges from promoting the conversion of innate B1a cells into pathogenic CD137+ TNF-α+ MHC-ΙHigh B cells, which then induce cytolytic CD8+ T cells and insulin resistance in older adults, rhesus monkeys, and mice (45, 46), the latter of which may promote progression of neurocognitive impairment (47). Here, TNFRSF9 is linked to Insulin resistance.