MAPK3 and glioblastoma: However, ERK1/2 (Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2) and AKT1, both highly relevant for GBM progression, were shown to negatively regulate CLOCK/BMAL1 by phosphorylation in insulin-sensitive tissues for AKT and the SCN for ERK1/2, which led to their retention in the cytosol88,89.