An active RAN translation might also be initiated by the ATP-dependent RNA helicase DHX36, which was upregulated at the mRNA level in patient cells and has been shown to facilitate RAN translation of C9orf72 GGGGCC repeat RNAs in cells of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)55. This evidence concerns the gene C9orf72 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.