TNF and rheumatoid arthritis: It was found that CQDs obtained from herbal medicines greatly reduced swelling signs and impeded the production of associated inflammation cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α), demonstrating exceptional anti-inflammation efficacy.561 Liu et al. suggested HIF-1 siRNA-carried calcium phosphate NPs enclosed in high-density lipoprotein-modified with apolipoprotein E3 (HIF-CaP-rHDL) as a treatment for RA in order to suppress the levels of HIF-1, NF-κB, and MAPK.