Higher resolution analysis by utilizing a single-cell transcriptomic data set (scRNA-Seq) of 10 oral cavity carcinomas (GSE103322; Fig. S13B) uncovered that the majority of signature genes are either generally (e.g. Cyclophilin A (PPIA), β-tubulin (TUBB) and Peptidylprolyl Isomerase B (PPIB)), or more heterogeneously overexpressed (e.g. Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor UFO (AXL), Plasminogen Activator, Urokinase Receptor (PLAUR), Rac Family Small GTPase 2 (RAC2)) across the 1891 single HNSCC cells (Fig. S13B). The gene discussed is PPIB; the disease is oral cavity carcinoma.