Recently, in early-stage breast cancer, where NAC and surgical resection is standard treatment, a phase II prospective trial of surgery omission in patients with pCR in vacuum-assisted core biopsy after initial chemotherapy have been reported, with promising results.29 Similarly, if we could select patients with high VASH1 density to undergo a TUR after initial chemotherapy and confirm that they are pCR, studies of bladder conservation therapy may also be possible. The gene discussed is VASH1; the disease is breast carcinoma.