CCL2 and acute kidney injury: More recently, STING knockout or pharmacological inhibition in vivo data, as well as STING knockdown in vitro data, revealed that STING-TBK1/IRF3 signaling pathway plays a central role in regulating the inflammatory response and inflammation mediators (IL-6, MCP-1, IFN-α, and IFN-β) in wasp venom-induced AKI [65].