ATG16L1 and infection: The requirement of autophagy-initiation proteins ULK1, Beclin 1, and ATG14L and PI3-kinase activity but not elongation proteins ATG5, ATG16L1, ATG4B, ATG7, and LC3B suggested Brucella selectively co-opts autophagy-initiation complexes to subvert host clearance and promote infection (5, 7).