BDNF and panic disorder: However, there were some discrepancies among the findings, with some studies reporting no significant differences (An et al., 2019; Carlino et al., 2015; Chen et al., 2022, 2017; Kim et al., 2019; Kobayashi et al., 2005; Molendijk et al., 2012) or even higher BDNF levels in individuals with panic disorder (Maron et al., 2009).