Stress responses, which can lead to the release of Norepinephrine (NE) and Epinephrine (EPI), also enhance tumor neovascularization in primary ovarian tumors by upregulating the expression of VEGF and MMPs, which could also underlie the effects of β-blockers, which have been found to reverse stress-enhanced angiogenesis (261). The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is neoplasm.