This study primarily focused on major T cell subtypes, such as CD3+CD8+, CD3+CD8-FoxP3-, and CD3+FoxP3+ T cells, in the context of colon cancer, paving the way for future studies to assess the generalizability of these findings to other cancer types, and expand the panels to more markers to visualize other relevant immune cell types, as well as the potential role of the immune cell spatial distribution in predicting treatment response. Here, FOXP3 is linked to malignant colon neoplasm.