Notably, the blockade of the CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 pathways is significantly associated with the occurrence and progression of both myocarditis and atherosclerosis (42, 138, 146, 148, 151–155, 178–181, 191–193, 195–198, 282). The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is myocarditis.