Given the increase in IL23A transcripts in tumors, it is reasonable to consider the possibility that IL-23 may act directly on tumor epithelial cells to promote tumor development as intestinal epithelial cells also express IL23R. To explore this possibility, we treated generated human organoids derived from healthy colon or CRC tumors and treated with exogenous IL-23 and measured the impact on cell growth. Here, IL23R is linked to colorectal carcinoma.