Conversely, baicalin increased the expression of PPARγ in CRC cells, thereby inhibiting NF-kB activation and reducing the expression of inflammatory factors such as iNOS, COX-2, and TNF-α, ultimately inhibiting the development of inflammatory-cancerous transformation (Kim et al., 2013; Lin H. D. et al., 2023). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is colorectal carcinoma.