TGFA and neoplasm: Panitumumab acts as a functional antagonist of EGF and TGF-α ligands, leading to the internalization and degradation of antibody-receptor complexes, thereby inhibiting the EGFR-mediated signaling pathway, and the signaling blockage leads to the inhibition of tumor cell division, which inhibits tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis and promotes apoptosis of tumor cells (Adebayo et al., 2023).