Wang et al. (2022b) locally and continuously delivered naturally extracted anti-inflammatory curcumin and antagomir-21 to treat IDD, successfully delaying the process of IDD and supporting IVD regeneration. Ding et al. (2022) compared Luteolin with TGF-β1 plasmid codelivery to NP and found that it significantly delayed rat tail IDD without significant local/systemic toxicity, demonstrating superior treatment strategies for IDD. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and intervertebral disk degenerative disorder.