TGFB3 and intervertebral disk degenerative disorder: Zhu et al. (2022) prepared hollow mesoporous MnO2-loaded TGF-β3 nanoparticles that significantly reduced type II collagen degradation and iNOS expression in a rat IDD model. In another study, Ligorio et al. (2021) designed an injectable graphene oxide (GO)-self-assembling peptide FEFKFEFK (F: phenylalanine; K: lysine; E: glutamic acid) hybrid hydrogel as a TGF-β3 delivery system, and ECM reconstruction was found in in vitro experiments.