The intracellular proteins NANOG (nanog homeobox) and OCT-3/4 (octamer-binding transcription factor) are key stem cell and prognostic markers.45–47 We therefore investigated the expression of these markers in colonic tumors collected from the AOM/DSS CRC mouse model and from human biopsies colonized by E. coli. Here, NANOG is linked to infectious otitis media.