For type 2 diabetes in both East Asian and European populations, CDKAL1 was recognised as the second strongest genetic locus [17, 28], whereas the MTNR1B locus either barely passed or did not reach the genome-wide significance threshold (Table 1), underscoring the differences in genetic architecture between GDM and type 2 diabetes. This evidence concerns the gene MTNR1B and type 2 diabetes mellitus.